Thomas C. Wilde1, Joseph E. Saavedra2, Michael L. Citro2, Danyelle M. Townsend3, Kenneth D. Tew3, Xinhua Ji1, and Larry K. Keefer1. (1) National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, (2) SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, MD, (3) Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
Many cancers overexpress the
p-isozyme of glutathione transferase (GST
p), thus presenting an opportunity for selective targeting of cancer cells. Rational design of prodrugs intended to release cytotoxic levels of nitric oxide (NO) in GST
p-overexpressing cancer cells yielded PABA/NO (
1), which inhibited the growth of ovarian cancer xenografts in mice with a potency similar to that of cisplatin. With the aim of reducing its susceptibility towards hydrolysis and free glutathione (GSH) attack, approximately 20 analogs were synthesized of the general structure
2. These analogs were assayed for both GSH-induced NO release and for their ability to inhibit HL-60 (leukemia) cell proliferation
in vitro. An inverse correlation was observed between the quantity of NO released and IC
50 value, supporting NO as the cytotoxic agent in these prodrugs. One exception was compound
3, which exhibits both low NO release and a low IC
50 (2.6 μM). Possible mechanisms explaining
3's anticancer effects will be discussed.

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