The vast and continual improvements in hemodialysis therapies since the 1940s have saved many patients struggling with end stage renal disease. Although the membranes currently used in industry, synthetic membranes such as polysulfone, perform well they still have several disadvantages. These performance disadvantages include intrinsic hydrophobicity (poor interaction with blood) and asymmetric pore diameter (inconsistent mechanical performance) and shape. Huang et al. have developed a novel nanoporous alumina hemodialysis membrane that will optimize the effectiveness of dialysis therapy and improve the removal of middle and larger molecular weight substances. Before implementation, the biocompatibility of the nanoporous membrane must be evaluated. Here we report on our studies to determine the feasibility of the membranes use in kidney dialysis treatment. The biocompatibility tests performed to date are the testing for: the loss of serum proteins during the dialysis process, specifically testing the loss of albumin to the membrane; leaching of the alumina from the dialysis membrane into the blood; the loss of cholesterol and calcium during the dialysis process; membrane hemocompatibility (hemolysis), and the viability of the leukocyte population. To date, all tests indicate that the membrane is biocompatible through six hours of dialysis.