We have previously demonstrated that large aspect ratio nanoparticles such as clays or nanotubes can form in-situ grafts which and become universal compatiblizing agents for polymer blends. Here we show how the same mechanism could be applied to producing flame retardant materials. In this case the large aspect nanoparticles also serve as potent dispersal agents for the flame retardant formulations, which greatly increase their efficiency in retarding combustion. These particles can act in multiple ways. The presence of the nanoparticles prevents phase segregation in the flame, maintains the dispersal of the FR agent in the phases which affects the heat release rate and the mass loss rates. In the case when one of the polymer is a good char former, the nanoparticles promote partial compatibilization of even highly immiscible blends.

An important concern regarding nanocomposites is the environmental impact of the nanoparticles used. This impact is minimal in the intact nanocomposite , but could be quite significant if combustion occurs and the particles become air born or settle in the soil or water. Hence the toxicity of these particles on primary cultures was also studied and the results will be presented.