Horiba Jobin Yvon's Fluorescence Division portrays its instrumental role in the future of semiconductor research and nanoscale applications. Our instrumentation has facilitated observations ranging from the original characterization of quantum dot nanocrystals, single-walled carbon nanotubes and bucky-balls in addition to major breakthroughs in organic electroluminescence. The significance of these breakthroughs are becoming thoroughly established in the biomedical, material and physical sciences. Quantum dots exhibit a broad palette of realized and potential applications ranging from cancer imaging, ultra-sensitive biosensors, reliable anticounterfeiting agents, enhanced logic-gates for quantum computers, and up to and including the recent, widely-heralded potential to replace conventional �light-bulbs' in economic solid state lighting applications. Carbon nanotubes play a diverse role related to their semiconducting properties ranging from affordable high-definition video display technology, high-efficiency electronic circuitry, improved memory devices, deep-tissue biosensing, and DNA sequence recognition inter alia. OLEDs are currently important in small and portable video displays and show a bright economic future because they have many advantages over conventional LCDs including brighter images, broader viewing angles, and lower power consumption. OLEDs will play a key role in affordable solid state lighting applications because they provide flexible white light substrates with strongly reduced space consumption and thermal waste. Future academic and economic trends for nanotechnology include improved health care, increased energy efficiency, and stronger homeland defense. In particular, spatial and spectral imaging of nanomaterial luminescence at both micro- and macroscopic scales will be discussed in significant detail.